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PRIMITIVISM

PRIMITIVISM
2018–2024

Primitivism is one of the fictional yet deeply grounded movements developed within Parallel Avant-Gardes, a project initiated by Syd Krochmalny in 2018 and continuously evolving. The broader project explores avant-garde movements that, though briefly conceptualized in their time, never fully materialized. By blending counterfactual speculation with critical analysis of manifestos, poems, and archival texts, Parallel Avant-Gardes reconstructs possible histories and gives form to movements that art history left unrealized.

Krochmalny’s reactivation of Primitivism pays tribute to a nearly forgotten manifesto published in 1909 by Touny-Lerys, Marc Dhano, and George Gaudion—written as a reaction to Futurism’s cult of speed and rupture. Unlike Futurism’s embrace of destruction and technological ecstasy, the Manifesto of Primitivism called for a return to the primal forces of life. “Just as all colors stem from the seven hues of the solar spectrum,” it claimed, “all art must remain rooted in its origins.”

This Primitivism did not align with the visual exoticism of Gauguin or the decorative mysticism of Maurice Denis. Rather, it was closer to a literary movement, spiritually akin to Jammism, and it never gave rise to a recognizable visual corpus. That is where Parallel Avant-Gardes intervenes.

Through a series of paintings and poems, Krochmalny brings to life the principles laid out in the 1909 manifesto: a reverence for eternal beauty, an embrace of memory and tradition, and a metaphysical connection with the cosmos. His Primitivism is not nostalgic, but regenerative—a proposition for how art might look if rooted in the timeless instead of the novel.

PRIMITIVISM
BY FLORIAN PARMENTIER

During the summer of 1909, MM. Touny-Lerys, Marc Dhano, and George Gaudion published their Primitivism manifesto in Poésie as a form of protest against Futurism.

"By Primitivism," they said, "we mean the art that draws from the same sources of Life (which come from afar, from the beginning of time). And just as the primitive colors are the seven colors of the solar spectrum, from which all shades derive and to which we must always return, we say that art is and remains primitive... Those who separate the trunk from its roots, as the Futurists want to do, will not hold a tree in their hands, but a lifeless stick. Therefore, we oppose their will to forget the past with our cult of memory, their exaltation of everything that destroys with our admiration for eternal Beauty, and their contempt for women with our respect for those who, — mother, sister, wife, — have embodied love..."

In the development of their creed, the primitivists exalted the spontaneous manifestations of beauty in all its forms and saw in their intimate relationship with the Past and Tradition a new manifestation of the splendid Harmony of the universe.
 
Critics of these primitivists have argued little more than the choice of their label, which was certainly adopted with a simple desire to respond, but which does not exactly correspond to the aesthetic conceptions expressed in their manifesto.
 
It is also fair to point out that primitivism already existed in painting (Gauguin and Maurice Denis are its main representatives) with a very different meaning from that attributed to it by MM. Touny-Lerys, M. Dhano, and G. Gaudion. Pictorial primitivism would rather have its literary counterpart in Jammism, whose naivety, by the way, seduced several of the collaborators of Poésie.

PRIMITIVISM MANIFESTO

We sing Beauty in all its current manifestations, in those we foresee, and in the memory of the admirable Past.

The essential elements of our poetry reside in intelligent Goodness.
A new literature that strives to magnify the “aggressive character” and glorify “war, the destructive gesture of anarchists, the beautiful Ideas that kill, and the disdain for women,” we exalt peace, work, order, and all the beautiful Ideas that bring life, and we celebrate the woman who has inspired some of the most sublime accents in Poetry...

We admire a roaring automobile that seems to run toward the sound of bullets; we are sensitive to all discoveries in the field of science, and in general in all fields of knowledge — but we do not see in it a reason to disdain the Victory of Samothrace.

We do not want to destroy Museums, Libraries, or fight moralism, etc. We consider that there are already enough politicians, deputies, senators, and general councilors to take care of these tasks: we are poets, not businessmen.

Conclusion:

It is in France that we publish this peaceful manifesto with which we affirm Primitivism in response to the manifesto of cultivated and incendiary violence that young rebellious Italy has just launched under the name of Futurism.

It is in France, where Museums are not innumerable, but where the Louvre is found, which seems to us more a living city than a cemetery, and from which we return after each visit, braver, prouder of ourselves, more beautiful. It is in the France of Rabelais and Montaigne, in the France of Ronsard, Racine, and La Fontaine, that we do not want to burn our paintings and libraries, and that, of the same age as the young Italian Futurists, we continue our arduous path without hatred for our elders, without fear of those who will come after us... while walking toward the Future, keeping in our souls the memory of having received the revelation in the works of our predecessors, of She who today allows us to discover in our sky: Beauty, a radiant star...

 
Signed: Touny-Lerys, Marc Dhano, George Gaudion
Directors of Poésie

PRIMITIVISM

Today, we are going to take a combative stance... And since Poésie, our sister in Milan, launches ideas that we do not share, little Toulouse will throw some arguments their way like a bouquet of violets.

The magazine Poésie, which has just founded a new literary school in Italy under the name of Futurism, finds its response in France with the affirmation of Primitivism.

By Primitivism, we mean the art that draws from the very sources of Life (which come from afar, from the dawn of time). Just as Primitive Colors are the seven colors of the solar spectrum, from which all other shades derive and to which it is necessary to constantly return, we say that art is and remains primitive. Those who separate their trunk from their roots, as the Futurists intend to do, will not have a tree in their hands, but a lifeless stick...

We oppose, therefore, their desire to forget the past with our cult of memory; their exaltation of everything that destroys with our admiration for eternal Beauty; their disdain for women with our respect for those who — mother, sister, wife — have always embodied love.

Responses to the Futurists:

Even though the Futurists may destroy libraries, they cannot prevent their souls from having been unconsciously shaped by the Past, and they carry within them the seeds planted by their ancestors through their lives. Futurism may be a joke, no doubt, but its propagators are mistaken in affirming their will to forget: everything shows them, on the contrary, that the farther they advance, the more the luminous ray of the Past extends, illuminating the Future.

As for this supposed originality, which consists of shedding all primitive influences as one sheds an old habit to put on a new one, the Futurists do not reflect on the fact that the new fabric is composed of fibers whose source is in the eternal earth... And even if they do not speak in images, they think only of their emotions, and even future emotions remain primitive, since, under similar but different circumstances, their predecessors in this world would feel the same way...

Human thought follows an evolution whose diverse manifestations, in the fields of science, literature, and art, are links that connect one to another. The Futurists are no more than elements of continuity between the Past and the Future.

Supranatural Primitivism has no connection to colonial primitivism or the exoticist appropriations of early modernist art. It does not depict the “primitive” as cultural otherness, but rather as an originating force—rooted in memory, harmony, and the sacred. Inspired by the Manifesto of Primitivism (1909), this series imagines an alternative modernity guided by beauty, not destruction.

SUPRANATURAL PRIMITIV POEMS

THE TERRACE OVER THE TARN

 

By Touny-Léry

 

Under my gaze lies the entire fertile plain...

In the distance, the deep blue sky rests upon the city,

and, like a worn-out veil, torn in parts,

it lets the steeples, higher than the common rooftops,

pass through with their white crests atop their spires.

The setting sun crowns their heads

with its half-dimmed smile, like a farewell.

I have come this evening, like many other evenings;

I watch the sky, from myself to the city,

and the sea of alfalfa where, like islands,

red-brown stubble and clusters of black oaks appear.

From the terrace where I lean, my eyes plunge,

following, along the shore where it lazily sprawls,

its great serpent body slipping toward the night,

the mysterious Tarn, gleaming between the branches,

carrying the blue of the sky upon its scales...

I am completely alone, aware of how insignificant I am

to anyone who, from afar, watches the horizon

and sees my narrow figure standing on this balcony;

I know I am little among these things,

but I dream and feel happy, my eyes close,

because the infinite peace that stretches over the fields

descends into my soul as it does into the heart of flowers;

and then I feel, leaning on this marble,

as eternal as it, as vibrant as the trees,

fluid like the water that, over there, carries

through the pebbles halted in the sand,

a little bit of twilight sky in a reflection

of this calm and sweet night, yet alas! fleeting...

IN THE HOUR OF GOLDEN IN THE HOUR OF THE GOLDEN LIGHT

by Syd Krochmalny

I leaned upon the silence of the hills,
where the last sun slid through the vineyard’s arms
and the olive trees whispered their green memories.
Time had no teeth there—only roots.

The river, like an ancient hymn,
carried reflections of skies it never questioned.
I felt no need to speak,
for the stones were older than all my words.

A bird flew low over the fields,
its wings opening a path between the real and the eternal.
And I, a shadow beside the cypress,
learned once more that to see
is already to pray.

MASK OF LOST TIME

by Syd Krochmalny

 

Fragmented faces carry broken stories, tales whispered over fires long extinguished, passed from voice to voice, now hidden in the corners of a collective memory. Each color is an echo of an ancient cry, a call to awaken, to look beyond the surface and see the essence beneath. The geometry of their faces is not a barrier, but a doorway to the eternal, to a place beyond time, where past and future meet in the stillness of the present moment. Rituals of the Ancient Light In the center of all things, the figures remain still, yet they need no movement to shape the world. They stand like mountains, watching time pass in silence, dancing with the wind, letting light filter through their forms. There are no words in their ritual, only gestures that resonate through eternity. Each line of their bodies speaks of life's cycles— birth, growth, death, and rebirth. The beings in this scene are not here to be understood, but to be felt, to remind us that transformation comes in the stillness of being.

Selected Bibliography: Poetic Primitivism (1909)

Primary Sources

  • Touny-Lerys, Marc Dhano, George Gaudion.
    Manifesto of Primitivism. Paris, 1909.
    ↳ Published in the journal Poésie as a direct, peaceful response to Marinetti’s Futurist Manifesto. It defends poetry rooted in beauty, intelligent goodness, memory, spiritual elevation, and continuity with classical tradition. It affirms the role of the feminine in poetic inspiration and rejects destruction for its own sake.

  • Poésie, literary journal.
    Edited by Touny-Lerys, Paris, 1908–1910.
    ↳ The main platform for the Primitivist vision. Published poems, editorials, and manifestos aligned with neoclassical, moral, and spiritual aesthetics. The Manifesto of Primitivism first appeared in its pages.

Critical Studies and Literary Context

  • Parmentier, Florian.
    La Littérature et l’époque: Histoire de la littérature française de 1885 à nos jours. Librairie Gedalge, Paris, 1914.
    ↳ In this literary history, Parmentier identifies more than thirty literary “-isms” circulating in turn-of-the-century Paris, including Primitivism, which he discusses as a poetic trend favoring harmony, ethics, and renewal through tradition. A key contemporary witness to the movement’s existence and intellectual context.

  • Debon, Claude.
    Les manifestes littéraires de la Belle Époque. CNRS Éditions, 1994.
    ↳ A scholarly compilation and commentary on lesser-known literary manifestos from 1880 to 1914. It includes references to the Manifesto of Primitivism and analyzes its position as a lyrical counterpoint to more aggressive avant-gardes.

Canonical Authors Cited in the Manifesto

  • The Manifesto of Primitivism does not present itself as a rupture, but as a continuation of the French poetic lineage. It explicitly names these figures as foundational:

  • Jean de La Fontaine
    ↳ Classical fables; a model of clarity, balance, and moral wisdom.

  • Pierre de Ronsard
    ↳ Renaissance poet; praised for idealized nature, lyrical sensuality, and elevated form.

  • Michel de Montaigne
    ↳ Humanist essayist; valued for introspective philosophy and serene wisdom. Seen as a spiritual and intellectual guide for Primitivist ethics.

  • Jean Racine and Jean de La Bruyère
    ↳ Classical figures representing moral elegance and refined language, invoked as models for poetic dignity and cultural continuity.

Contemporary Artistic Reinterpretation

  • ​Krochmalny, Syd.
    Parallel Avant-Gardes: Primitivism Reawakened. 2018–ongoing.
    ↳ An artistic and conceptual project that revives the unrealized aesthetic and ethical vision of the 1909 Primitivist Manifesto. Through painting, poetry, and counterfactual historical analysis, it reimagines Primitivism as a total avant-garde movement rooted in beauty, cosmic harmony, and resistance to violent modernism.

Exhibitions

PARALLEL AVANT-GARDES

The Slip
New York, August-October, 2024

Press & Essays

VANGUARDIAS ACCIDENTALES

María Raya Contreras
25 sept 2024
Jennifer

PARALLEL VANGUARDSParallel Vanguards

Syd Krochmalny
8 feb 2025
Jennifer

SK

© 2025 by Syd Krochmalny

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